Solicit The Contrast In Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theSolicit The Contrast In Australia. Answer: The premise of our examination venture is to request the differentiation between two visit organizations in Australia. For our situation, the distinguished organizations were: RT Company and the other Adventure Tour Company. The movement was performed among a gathering of three people where each and everybody had an errand to perform. Having by and by talked about the topic, the accompanying ends were drawn on Adventure Tour Company: Experience Tours Company is vivid and educational. With respect to nature of Adventure Tours Company, the gave visits are generally to individuals that need better comprehension of the inward activities of Australia as a nation as they additionally appreciate the landscape. Experience Tours Company utilizes minibusses or 4WD vehicles that are air-con prepared, get them stacked with visit manages that are sufficiently proficient, and head to the wilds. A great many people depict the experience as an excursion that is exemplary Aussie. Despite what might be expected, the gathering understood that RT was related with the accompanying: Arrangement of Mbantua evening and visiting administrations Accessibility of West and East MacDonnell Ranges Arrangement of Uluru private and broadened sanction visiting administrations Arrangement of Kata-Tjuta private and broadened sanction visiting administrations Arrangement of Watarrka private and broadened sanction visiting administrations On a similar issue, I for one understood that Australian visit organizations work in close relationship with the administration and the network (Adventure Tours, 2017). The motivation behind doing so is to guarantee that explorers are given the best administrations to guarantee that more are pulled in. The movement has then been a wellspring of income for the administration for quite a while. A high level of the countrys GDP is gotten from the travel industry division. It has subsequently been one of the main impetuses of improvement for the nation (Adventure Tours, 2017). References Australia Travel Guide. (2017). Best Australia Tour Operators. Wordtravels.com. Recovered 4 September 2017, from https://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Australia/Touroperators Experience Tours. (2017). The ATA distinction | Adventure Tours. Experience Tours. Recovered 4 September 2017, from https://www.adventuretours.travel/en/voyaging with-ata

General motors company

General engines organization The mind-boggling subject of this paper is in actuality internationalization; this procedure can be portrayed as, the steady increment in worldwide market inclusion a firm takes part in inside a structure of business and monetary elements. Inside this record I will depict the various hypotheses and models encompassing internationalization as a procedure, and how they can be applied to MNEs. The writing will give an immediate connect to the real procedures the picked organization has experienced so as to internationalize. The picked speculations and models will be picked relying upon their immediate closeness and accentuation they hold, in contrast with the business strategies that have permitted the organization to extend to the level it is at today. A Bit About General Motors Company The United States (U.S) MNE General Motors Company (GM). Is one of the universes biggest automakers, following its underlying foundations back to 1908. With its worldwide central station in Detroit, GM utilizes 235,000 individuals in each significant district of the world and works together in about 140 nations. GM and its vital accomplices produce vehicles and trucks in 34 nations, and sell and administration these vehicles through the accompanying brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Golden, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Saturn, Opel Vauxhall and Saab. In 2006 it sold more than 9 million vehicles and trucks internationally in 5 mainlands with a worldwide piece of the pie of 13.5 %. Laid out beneath, are the primary speculations that I have found clarify and express the best, the example and way my picked firm has followed so as to well and genuinely be viewed as a MNE. Dunnings Eclectic worldview which decides to clarify that outside direct venture as a hypothesis can be brought together as long as the organizations applying it think about the proprietorship, area and disguise of the procedure that will deliver generous advantages whenever applied in like manner. This is likewise the situation if the degree, the structure and example of global creation is established on the juxtaposition of the possession to explicit focal points that an organizations gangs while pondering remote creation. This is reflected in GMs move to make a large portion of its China-advertise vehicles locally, through its Shanghai GM joint endeavor. The varied worldview has consistently perceived the significance of the locational favorable circumstances of nations as a key determinant of the outside creation of MNEs (Dunning, J.H., 1998. Area and the worldwide undertaking: a disregarded factor. Diary of International Business Studies 29 1, pp. 45-66. Full Text by means of Cr ossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (223)Dunning, 1998). This is reflected by the locational favorable circumstances that the territory forces yet it additionally offers GM a market looking for speculation prospect. There are likewise plans to make an examination office in Shanghai for $250m to create half and half vehicles and elective vitality vehicles. Hence GM follows a way recommended by Dunning to pick up advantage as far as intensity and cost by possession in outside market and plans to grow dependent on the underlying achievement it has experienced. At first, as well, the mixed worldview essentially tended to static and effectiveness related issues (Dunning, 1977), yet more as of late has focused on the dynamic intensity and locational system of firms, and especially the way reliance of the redesigning of their center capabilities (Dunning). The Network Approach stresses the business as an arrangement of systems, each firm inside a system has associations with clients, providers and different on-screen characters inside their general business circle. These relations are significant upper hands which the system model additionally recommends the firm needs to consider and assess. In any case, not just its own situation in the market corresponding to its clients, yet in addition the earth of that showcase according to others, for example, contenders, new participants etc†¦ In request to consider the internationalization of a firm we have to comprehend the setting where it works, for example, natural conditions and the organizations connections (Madsen Servais, 1997). GM and Fiat shaped a key collusion, with GM possessing a 20% offer in Fiat and Fiat SpA accepting 5.1% of GMs partakes in return. Creation and possession have both been improved when an ongoing union occurred under the type of two joint endeavors (claimed half by Fiat and half by GM). The primary will direct buying exercises, while the subsequent will create motors and apparatus gear which is predominantly planned for cutting costs. Consequently GM has followed the system model somewhat as their joint endeavor come regarding relations with Fiat. By working together they have decreased the expense and the development has brought about new creation methods. Which gave them two some level of intensity as they have picked up buying power just as diminished expense as far as buying from the providers. Firm-explicit area favorable circumstances and high complementarities utilize vital partnerships or joint endeavors helpful, though nation explicit focal points point, on account of market disappointment, towards between industry exchange or entirely possessed auxiliary (Moon 1997) Doormen Competitive Advantage is the capacity increased through credits and assets to perform at a more elevated level than others in a similar industry or market (Christensen and Fahey 1984, Kay 1994, Porter 1980). By creating merchandise of a better quality while as yet utilizing the assets ascribed to the area, this outcomes in an unrivaled presentation in that division and returns a higher benefit at no additional cost, guaranteeing endurance and a noticeable setting inside the market. This is completely shown by GM in their creation of option innovation vehicles that include: half and half vehicles, every single electric vehicle and hydrogen vehicles. The entirety of the models referenced objective an excellent cost in the car showcase and because of the versatility and the control of effectively obtained assets and offices, the gainfulness even in a market that has numerous contenders will supersede the related expenses of creation. This procedure depended on an effectively fru itful business methodology that has been attempted, adjusted and incorporated by the organization in the past on comparative sorts of imaginative undertakings. An organizations abilities are a perplexing example of connections among staff and assets that after some time amass making an in house information database that is open on various levels and makes goals, for example, development and market predominance a key component that keeps up the firm at a significant level inside its market. Anything that can be moved or sourced from a separation is not, at this point a serious advantage† (Porter, M. E. (1998). Area, groups and the new microeconomies of rivalry. Diary of Business Economics (in press)..Porter, 1998p. 29). Uppsala Model is the hypothesis that an organization bit by bit grows its tasks inside its residential market, right off the bat picking up information and reasonable data before settling on any place to develop their underlying activities somewhat further. These exercises will thus impact advertise information and market duty at later stages (Johanson Vahlne, 1977, in Johanson Associates, 1994). Information is the key fixing to internationalization for this situation, either target information that can be thought or experiential information that must be learnt through close to home understanding. After this procured the development procedure will keep, covering into an outside market ideally of a nearby geographic area with likewise comparative social comprehension. Before once more, rehashing the procedure until the ideal market arrangement for the firm is accomplished. This specific internationalization hypothesis is presumably the most appropriate hypothesis for clarifying the in ternationalization procedure that brought about the making of General Motors Europe, that was made in 1908 just three years after the companys creation. Early starters can, in the event that they are willing, straightforwardly enter enormous markets not really neighboring markets yet advertises socially near the home market (Hollensen, 2001). This jump frog impact, going from nation to nation either setting up joint endeavors and key organizations before moving onto progressively genuine tasks, for example, the acquisitions of Vauxhall and Opel over the course of about nine years. Today they work 11 creation and gathering offices in 8 nations, and utilize around 64,500 individuals. Why I Chose GM As A Company To Demonstrate Internationalization For me GM was an ideal possibility to satisfy this task not just on the grounds that it is arranged inside an industry that is speak to well and genuinely on a worldwide level yet additionally because of the idea of the vehicle business and the example and significant level of joint effort that happens inside it. There is likewise a memorable foundation to the organization, traversing longer than an era of information in car delivering that is established back in the modern assembling part for vehicles in the U.S Detroit Michigan. The brand acknowledgment is still solid in the U.S speaking to one of the huge American companies that has gone on for the great piece of a century, which speaks to the soul of private enterprise that the nation reveres. This additionally clearly happens to be the primary market that they have tenaciously kept on providing bringing about it being their prime client. The rich history behind GM can be comprehended by the enormous measure of joint efforts it h as experienced after some time. Internationalization Within The Industry The American vehicle industry is the greatest on the planet as far as number of vehicles fabricated and sold. The U.S. vehicle showcase is soaked with the worldwide vehicle producing organizations be that as it may; most of the piece of the pie is involved by household and Japanese organizations. The result of this is a drop in the degree of utilization as there are an excessive number of participants contending in a similar industry. On account of this lessening in

Electronic Manufacturing Services Industry Commerce Essay

Electronic Manufacturing Services Industry Commerce Essay This exploration talks about Electronic Manufacturing Services industry and suppliers patterns and it is connection to flexibly chain parts of hardware industry. The difficulties that confronted and as yet confronting this industry are talked about in subtleties. Electronic Manufacturing Services industry gives arrangements and instruments to take care of gracefully chain issues in hardware industry. A contextual analysis of Flextronics International Company introduced to clarify how this industry helps Original Equipment Manufacturer and how it very well may be a decent answer for the serious issues and difficulties in hardware producing world. Presentation: Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) or Contract Manufacturer (CM) has begun their administration since 1960, when gigantic Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) started working with subcontractor so as to accomplish more benefit and to manage popularity changes without the necessities to new work and capital. The EMS business grew up and assumed a significant job in assembling procedures and innovation, additionally EMS suppliers have expanded their capacity, producing adaptability, buying force and cost decreases of material utilized in this industry. Subsequently, it has been hard for OEM to adapt to appeal changes and assembling adaptability close to cost decrease since EMS suppliers had handle those angles productively [1]. From 1970 to 1990, EMS has expanded their job and offer in worldwide system and provided a high assortment of administrations, for example, gathering, model, testing, circuit board, material buy and the board, and transportation to the end client. An immense interest was made because of mechanical improvement since 1990; this has obliged OMEs to manage EMS suppliers so as to react all the more proficiently to item development, the shorter life cycles and dynamic changes of interest. EMS suppliers have encouraged broadening and improvement of OEM organizations by giving them high adaptability and better control of the assortment of new items and request changes [1]. Re-appropriating works better in gadgets industry for a few reasons. Initially, the results of most hardware are comparable underway procedure and building strategy. Second, the nature of gadgets markets is extremely powerful and connected which push OMEs to manage EMS. All pieces of PCs and clinical machines are comprised from parts, for example, capacitors, memory chips, and resistors. The explanation that makes the item one of a kind is the technique for joining the various parts onto printed circuit board, customization of segments and parts, and the programming of the gadget and its uncommon programming. The essential likeness in completed merchandise makes the EMS to have a simple approach to isolate their contraption, aptitudes and information, and data to adapt to a few creation orders [2]. Difficulties Facing Electronics Industry: The fundamental difficulties that confronted and as yet confronting this industry and cause it to manage EMS are: High customization: clients request is expanding consistently and quickly. They required the makers to deliver inconceivably redid items rapidly and at moderately ease. This outcomes in high burden and weight on hardware firms to react to those profoundly redid orders with adaptable flexibly chain and ease [3]. Second test is the short life cycle: makers need to fabricate new items that have great value, keep up sensible benefit and keep piece of the pie. This will bring about too short life patterns of items and will make it increasingly entangled to estimate client request. Along these lines, makers must be near clients and must work with retailers and affiliates to more readily comprehend advertises needs and request [3]. Third test is stock control versus speedy declination: the difficult condition in gadgets industry requires the makers to deliver segments at low cost with new execution and usefulness, to keep high intensity. In this manner, utilizing the current stock as ahead of schedule as conceivable is critical to keep up benefit [3]. The contention among flexibly and request is the fourth test: material is one of the primary compelled in hardware industry. Persistent creation of new items and update of old parts and segments are being prepared while the forecast of client request is troublesome. In this manner, maker must work cooperatively with material providers to fulfill request and simultaneously they need to work with retailers to figure clients request [3]. The fifth test is the high weight from distributers and retailers to convey items at the perfect time and ideal spot. This applies high strain on gadgets producers. Along these lines, great correspondences and coordinated effort with retailers and distributers is required to ensure better conveyance and consumer loyalty [3]. EMS Industry Growth and Supply Chain: EMS industry has a significant job in flexibly chain the executives and parts. It is being a significant part and accomplice in gadgets producing world. The purposes for this advancement are as per the following: Practical scale: the interest of hardware is progressively exceptionally high, and it relies upon item cycle. Thusly, if EMS suppliers choose to build ability to fulfill high client request this will prompt overabundance work and assets in any case, they can move those abundance work and assets to another OME client. This implies EMS suppliers have high adaptability and choices to manage [2]. Primary capacity: hardware industry observes high rivalry between OEMs subsequently, searching for client needs and desires is significant part to structure high serious items rapidly. Therefore, the principle ability of OME is in new item structure and consumer loyalty. By managing EMS, gadgets OMEs can concentrate and make more consideration on new items structure and consumer loyalty [2]. Diminishing materials cost: the colossal development of EMS suppliers gives them more force and impact of getting crude materials. This expanded force and size can bring about diminishing parts costs [2]. Better benefit and quantifiable profit: gadgets producing overhead expense and capital speculation is extremely high and to take care of it requires some investment. Thinking about that the existence cycle is short in this industry, it will be extremely difficult to settle on the choice of speculation. Consequently, EMS suppliers can help OEM to take their choice by developing the entire assembling procedures and overhead cost which will bring about better benefit and rate of return [2]. The high weight of time to showcase: as we examined previously, the process duration of the item is too short in this manner, being at the top in the market is basic to increase higher benefit. EMS suppliers can gracefully limit and ability required for new items and new plan process rapidly. In this way, EMS suppliers can bring new items into showcase rapidly and fulfill clients request [2]. Markets globalization: these days, markets are being worldwide and OMEs are attempting to fulfill requests in worldwide markets. EMS suppliers can exploit low work costs in numerous spots on the planet. Moreover, they can gracefully items at short lead time and decline flexibly chain costs locally [2]. EMS Providers Customers: Picking clients is the most significant choice for EMS suppliers. Since EMS suppliers are not in the business to make request, they should be cautious and mindful about items that have colossal market request notwithstanding future changes. EMS suppliers must place themselves in assembling zones that empower them to include more worth. For example, the greater part of EMS organizations dispose of PCs get together procedures and they get increasingly associated with clinical hardware, servers and phones so they can enhance their assembling forms because of the popularity on those gadgets territories [2]. Normally, EMS suppliers have a wide client found and they are delivering an assortment of segments and items. Thusly, they accomplish high creation and limit use. EMS is endeavoring to manufacture high assorted variety of OME clients to increase better yield on their speculation and improver usage. Furthermore, by building this wide base, EMS suppliers can remunerate the interest from different clients on the off chance that one of their clients advertise has gone down [2]. Another issue for picking clients is the contenders. When EMS needs to make contract with a contender of one of its clients, EMS supplier for the most part request authorization from his old client, at that point he will build a unique creation line for this new client. This conduct prompts build EMS industry that has moral base and dependable demeanor. Besides, the development of EMS industry will prompt high rivalry inside hardware industry and little OEMs can grow up inside brief period into enormous organization through managing EMS suppliers and exploiting their gracefully chain capacities [2]. EMS Industry and Supply Chain Management: Perpetually, EMS suppliers are produce segments and offer types of assistance as well as being a significant piece of flexibly tie answers for OME makers. Gracefully chain jobs comprise of item assembling and configuration, transportation and conveyance to end clients, request figure and desires, providers the board and collaboration [2]. Request estimate and desires for EMS relies essentially upon OEM orders. EMS suppliers are attempting to deliver all sets of OME organizations. OME gives request to long and momentary periods and EMS utilizes the present moment for material buying. Long haul request is utilized commonly stronghold limit necessities arranging and material anticipating. The interest is dynamic, so the drawn out interest may change and the OME can correct this interest dependent on its agreement with EMS. Som

The Ethics of Photos

Question: Talk about theEthics of Photos. Answer: Presentation The web has become a well known method of correspondence for small kids, grown-ups, associations and businessman. There are number of various favorable circumstances because of which individuals just as association needs to distribute their pictures including documentation, notice or for advancing various exercises of an association (Jassim et al., 2015). The availability just as the expanded notoriety of internet based life has become extremely simple along these lines, numerous individuals including grown-ups and small kids share their pictures on facebook, twitter and website pages. This has raised number of moral difficulties, which incorporates benefactors security, social columnist prosperity, right and legitimate issues and issues related with work process and assets (Cornwall et al., 2016). The utilization of photography is a basic piece of clinical medical procedure in emergency clinic, which has raised numerous risk issues. The liabilities issues happen as now and again are shot without their assent or information. There are number of lawful issues of photography in plastic medical procedure rehearses. In this exposition, diverse sort of moral issues that happens because of photography is talked about. The substance of this task covers gives that are connected with pictures via web-based networking media, Intellectual and Intangible property Images of Children, issues happened because of Manipulation and Deception of pictures. The simple additionally talks about the issues or moral issues that are connected with the entrance sing of pictures and cameras. Different issues are likewise shown that are connected with the wholesale fraud. Conversation on Ethical Issues of Photography Moral Issues of Intellectual and Intangible property Licensed innovation is characterized as the first imaginative work that is showed in an unmistakable structure, which can be secured lawfully. Publicizing, style and way of life picture takers incorporate different sorts of figures, artworks, toys or different kinds of masterful works in the photography (Eckhoff, 2015). The photos that are made by the craftsman are regularly secured by copyright. Just the proprietor of the copyright has the privilege to recreate the photos. The copyright law secures photos as well as various sorts of scholarly and creative works. Numerous moral issues are connected with the copyright of the photographs (Foreman, 2015). In todays world, pictures can be moved all around the globe rapidly. This improves the dangers related with the photographs that were intended to be private yet gone into the open field. . It is referenced by the copyright law that any image that is utilized for adjustment then it should entirely be finished by the proprietor of the co pyright in any case the image ought to be made again so as to keep up the law of copyright. So as to shield the impalpability of a picture it is proposed that the picture must be utilized by the proprietor of the picture. In the event that it is utilized by another person than both the erudition and substantial quality of, the picture is pulverized (Bittar-Cortez et al., 2014). The moral issues that are connected with the copyrights are many. In the event that a picture or photo of an individual is shared or downloaded by another individual then the demonstration is against the copyright law. Along these lines, it is a moral issue (te Riele Baker, 2016).The downloaded or shared pictures on the person to person communication destinations can be utilized by another person for making counterfeit profiles. This demonstration is a lot of risky it makes a pessimistic effect on the individual data of a person. In the event that a picture of an understudy wearing the school uniform is posted via web-based networking media then the data about the tutoring of the understudy is uncove red. Along these lines it very well may be abused by certain people in capturing or in giving dangers. The copyright demonstration propose that a picture must be utilized by a person who possesses it and in this manner in the event that it is utilized or shared by another individual, at that point it is a wrongdoing whether the individual is utilizing it for a lawful or criminal behavior (Couldry, 2012). The pictures of kids and older folks are gotten to from the informal communication locales so as to abuse them in criminal operations, for example, tormenting. Subsequently, it is constantly suggested that adolescent and seniors must examine about the site on which they are transferring or posting their photos. Twitter utilizes the advantages of a post without offering it to its clients (McKee, 2013). Along these lines, a client must know all the guidelines and guideline before utilizing a long range informal communication destinations. The facebook and twitter must utilize appropriate authorizing and validation procedure so as to keep away from issues related with copyright or impalpability. Moral Issues of Images on Social Media The web based life goes about as stage for making new companions and getting data. It has been seen that the utilization of internet based life has been expanded throughout the years. The progression of time and development of innovation has to a great extent affected the appearance of online life in day by day lives of individuals. Be that as it may, web based life doesn't just give benefits in the lives of individuals (Walker, 2012). Everybody over the web based life faces some broad issues like abuse of individual pictures and data. The abuse of picture over the online networking can incredibly influence the people life in a pervade way. The moral issues looked by individuals in light of abuse of the pictures posted over the online networking are clarified underneath. Abusing pictures for making profile in some different locales: It has been seen as a rule that the pictures and data about the individuals (particularly young ladies) are utilized for making a phony profile over other internet based life destinations (Couldry, 2012). There are references of numerous situations where an individual has guaranteed that the pictures and data posted on a site has not been given by the person in question. It is generally found on account of young ladies. The pictures, for example, bunch pictures and selfies are utilized for making the phony id on the site to seem authentic (Williams et al., 2013). Thus, the pictures are powerless over the internet based life and they can significantly be abused by different people. Altering of the pictures: The pictures gave over the web based life are photograph shopped by others. The pictures over the web based life are commonly open and it makes them helpless for abuse (Kim et al., 2014). The pictures over the internet based life are utilized by social lawbreakers for altering them for their monetary profits. The pictures posted by the famous people over the web based life are treated by different photograph altering programming and applications. These altered pictures are sold in the market for monetary profit. Bargain of protection and classification: The pictures of the individual are carefully subject to be utilized by that individual as it were. Be that as it may, the foundation of online networking can be filtrated for separating the data and pictures (Barbovschi et al., 2013). The mechanical improvement of the data arrangement of online networking had made it feasible for the digital lawbreakers and programmers to get into the framework. The private pictures of the big names, sports individual, and eminent individual are being downloaded from their record and abused in the market. The data framework in the web-based social networking is abused in the data framework. Thus, it very well may be said that the moral issues looked by the pictures posted over web-based social networking can be characterized into abusing pictures for making profile in some different locales, altering of the pictures for individual addition, and bargain of protection and secrecy. These moral issues of the data framework can be sifted through by checking the protection choices and restricting the guests on the online networking. Moral Issues of Images of Children Numerous individuals all around the globe share the pictures of their youngsters on social sites to advance various exercises (Bobkowski Smith, 2013). Various associations engaged with kids and youngsters, for example, performing workmanship gatherings and game offer the pictures for the advancement of their association on person to person communication site. The availability and the expanding ubiquity of web organizing destinations drove individuals sharing more pictures of their youngsters and almost ones. This has expanded the moral worry of the individuals, which has sway on the wellbeing, and government assistance of the small kids. There are numerous issues related with security. There is a federation law related with the protection of the unapproved creation and distribution of a people picture. This law helps in controlling the individual data of youngsters that helps in passing on the character of an individual (Cook, 2010). For instance if an individual remaining outside the house or wearing school uniform ought not be distributed on the long range informal communication locales as it can keep the youngsters in harm's way. As indicated by the kid, security enactment the character of an understudy must be keep secret. The pictures of little kids ought not be posted as it very well may be utilized for various unlawful practices. The photos of the kids posted by the guardians on long range interpersonal communication locales can follow kids from their introduction to the world to death as their information are sold and exchanged to various advertisers. They give bias just as hindrances to the advertisers (Green, 2013). Now and again an image of a kids transferred by a guardians can be shared by another individual and finally a circumstance happens when it is difficult to quit sharing of that image. The image of that kid can be utilized for illicit practices, for example, harassing. The private data of the youngsters can be gotten to from the long range informal communication destinations by the hijackers (Jassim et al., 2015). Photos of the kids must be remained careful with the goal that they don't need to confront circumstances or issues because of criminal behavior on their photos on the long range interpersonal communication destinations (Greensmith Green, 2015). The facebook or twitter must utilize appro priate verification so the pictures of kids ought not be abused. Consequently, the moral issues related with the pictures of the youngsters can be settled by taking legitimate measures. The guardians ought not freely post the ima

The impact of Wireless technology on the field of Communication and Essay

The effect of Wireless innovation on the field of Communication and PC designing - Essay Example Today, we have remote innovation. Instances of remote innovation are surrounding us including cell phones, workstations, USB web, and cameras and so on. These advances are significant in light of the fact that they assist us with remaining associated with one another constantly. The effect of remote innovation on correspondence and PC building is exceptionally huge. In this paper, it has been talked about how large the effect of remote innovation on correspondence and PC is designing. Correspondence is discussion, connection, or change of words, thoughts, or messages between at least two than two individuals simultaneously. For quite a while in the history, when there used to be no remote innovation or even wired innovation, individuals used to send letter to one another through post. That was a very tedious procedure. The mailman conveyed the letters by hand. It required some investment for the sender to get the answer from the individual through letter. At that point came wired inn ovation. The historical backdrop of remote innovation can be followed back to â€Å"1896 [when] Marconi took his mechanical assembly to England where he was acquainted with Mr. (later Sir) William Preece, Engineer-in-Chief of the Post Office, and soon thereafter was conceded the world's first patent for an arrangement of remote telegraphy† (nobelprize.org, 2013). At the point when phone was made, it changed correspondence a great deal. It took the nature of correspondence and its speed to an unheard of level. Individuals reached each other by telephone. Those used to be enormous telephones with chimes and fastens containing digits. In spite of the fact that those wired phones improved correspondence a great deal, yet they were hard to set up as one expected to do legitimate wiring so as to have the option to talk through them. At that point came cell phones. In the beginning, just scarcely any individuals had cell phones and it was viewed as a superficial point of interest. N onetheless, in the course of the most recent decade, cell phones turned out to be extremely normal and even destitute individuals began having them. Cell phones took the correspondence to a much more elevated level. Utilizing cell phones, individuals didn't need to interface with one another through wires since cell phones were remote. They worked by getting signals from the air. This moved the duty over to the cell phone organizations and the media transmission organizations to introduce their towers all over the place so the signs would spread all over. When these towers were introduced, individuals turned out to be exceptionally free. They could converse with one another both inside the nation and outside utilizing cell phones. Correspondence turned out to be totally remote. Over the progression of time, cell phones improved in quality. They got more slender, more intelligent, and more honed in that their highlights were improved. At that point came cell phones with cameras intro duced in them. This further improved correspondence since individuals couldn't just converse with one another, yet in addition trade photographs with one another that were caught utilizing the versatile phone’s camera. Web is another innovation that is accessible in remote structure and has had an extraordinary effect over correspondence and PC building. Today, web is accessible in various structures. There is a wired structure and there is a remote structure too. In the wired structure, web organizations give wired association with the clients at their homes. They interface their PCs or workstations to the web gadget utilizing wires. Wires are embedded in ports, one in the personal computer and the other in the web gadget. Workstations have an edge over PCs since they comprise of wifi office. Wifi gets signs of the web gadget so web can be run on the PC without interfacing it to the web gadget utilizing a wire. Utilizing such web associations, individuals began speaking with one another in an

How to Deal With Death and Dying as You Age

How to Deal With Death and Dying as You Age Spirituality Print How to Deal With Death and Dying as You Age By Mark Stibich, PhD  Mark Stibich, PhD, FIDSA, is a behavior change expert with experience helping individuals make lasting lifestyle improvements. Learn about our editorial policy Mark Stibich, PhD Updated on February 07, 2020 Nils Hendrik Mueller / Cultura / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Spirituality Happiness Meditation Stress Management Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Feelings About Death Physical Aspects Emotional Aspects Spiritual and Existential Aspects Practical Aspects View All Back To Top Whether you are confronting the end of your own life of the loss of a loved one, death is a certainty of life that everyone will face. Even so, knowing that its inevitable doesnt mean youll feel prepared for dealing with death and the grief that follows. A paradox of living is that healthy aging and increased longevity mean youll have more experiences with death throughout your life.?? As we age, so too do the people around us. Over time, many of the people that we know and care about will develop chronic or terminal illnesses. Some of them will die during our lifetimes. The consequence of living longer is that we will continue to lose friends and loved ones to accidents, illnesses, and, as we reach our later years, simply old age. While death is a natural part of life and an unavoidable consequence of aging, that doesnt mean you wont be deeply affected by it. In fact, the ongoing exposure to death is one reason depression is common in older adults.?? However, knowing that death will eventually touch your life in some way means you can be proactive about learning to cope with the dying and grieving process. While you may not be able to predict how it will feel to experience grief (for your own life or someone elses), having a support system in place and the skills necessary to care for your mental health will give you a solid foundation to work from. Feelings About Death Some people seem to be inherently more at peace with death; whether premature or at the end of a long life.?? Others find the dying process difficult to face no matter how old they get or how often they experience the death of a loved one. While your unique personality and experiences influence how you think and feel about death, there are also other factors. For example, the culture you were raised in, as well as the one you are living in at any given time, will shape your beliefs and perceptions of death.?? The way other people in your life perceive and react to grief will also affect your feelings. Your perceptions may also change as you have more experiences with death; this may be felt most strongly if and when your own life is threatened, such as by a serious injury or illness. When we talk about coping with death and dying, there are several components of the process to consider. In addition to the emotional experience, there are also the spiritual or existential elements, as well as physical aspects of death (especially if we are in the position of confronting our own mortality). Each component of the dying process requires a different set of tools for coping but having the skills you need to approach each facet individually will come together to help you move through your unique experience of grief. Physical Aspects What death looks and feels like in the body will depend on the underlying cause. How long death takes, whether it causes pain or other symptoms, and even the appearance of the body throughout the process will vary. Sometimes, the physical process of dying is quick and virtually painlessâ€"such as in a sudden accident that causes fatal injury. In other cases, such as with cancer, death may be a prolonged process that requires constant care for managing pain.?? While the timeline and experience might be different from one person to the next, the steps in the physiological process of dying are fairly consistent. For death to happen, certain systems in the body need to stop working.   If a person is in a fatal car accident, they may die right away from an injury to vital organs. For example, when if the spine and skull are involved, damage to the brain can cause the person to lose consciousness, cut off blood supply to the body, and interrupt communication between the brain and vital organs. When someone is dying from a terminal illness, the organ systems of the body will shut down more slowly.?? They gradually become less aware of what’s happening around them and may start sleeping more. A person who is dying may begin to eat and drink less or stop taking nourishment at all. The closer death is, the more shallow a persons breathing becomes, sometimes making a distinct “rattling” sound.   Whether it happens gradually or suddenly, the World Health Organization (WHO) states that clinical death occurs when all vital functions of the body (including brain activity, blood flow, and breathing) have stopped.??   Tips to Help Yourself in Times of Grief End-of-Life Care Addressing physical pain and discomfort of death will be a priority. Although it can be difficult to have conversations about end-of-life care, it’s important that you and your loved ones discuss preferences before the time comes.   Interventions like hospice or palliative care are designed to alleviate pain and help someone who is dying be as comfortable as possible during the process. Medicine used to treat pain, induce relaxation and sleep, and treat anxiety are often given, in addition to non-pharmaceutical methods to meet these needs. Which interventions are chosen, when they are started, and how long they are used will depend on the preferences expressed by the person who is dying, as well as the recommendations of the physicians overseeing their end-of-life care.   If you’re caring for someone who is dying, your experience of the physical part of the process will likely depend on your senses: the things you see, hear, smell, and can touch. For example, if you are gently washing your loved one’s face, you may notice that they appear very pale and their skin feels clammy. If you were to move your loved one to change their bedding, you might notice the bottom side of their body appears discolored, almost like bruising, from where blood is pooling.   How to Care for a Dying Loved One A person who is dying sometimes loses control of their bowels and urinary system, which can produce sights, smells, and sounds that you may find it difficult to deal with. If the person is conscious when these accidents occur, the physical sensations will likely be uncomfortable or alarming to them.   There are also other sights and smells associated with death that you may be experiencing for the first time. You should know that while these are a natural part of the dying process, it’s also normal for them to make you feel afraid, sad, and even repulsed.?? If you are overwhelmed with providing physical care to a loved one who is dying, you may want to hire a compassionate and trained hospice care worker or private hospice nurse to assist your family. What Does a Hospice Nurse Do? Emotional Aspects The way you feel about death, whether someone else’s or your own, is unique to you and informed by your experiences and beliefs. Ultimately, there are some common feelings that people experience in the process of death and dying. The established stages of grief are often referenced, though they neednt be strictly followed. You might want to think of them as a nonlinear guide or roadmap.?? When someone has reached old age, there are many years of life to reflect on when contemplating death. The process takes time and, as life generally is, will be full of ups and downs.   While people will not necessarily experience the stages of grief in the same order or intensity, there are specific emotions that tend to be associated with death and dying.   Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance are generally accepted to be the core emotional components of the grieving process.?? Some people experience these emotions in order, but it’s also possible for people to revisit stages or spend more time in one stage than another.   Denial The initial stage of grief is considered denial, wherein a person struggles or refuses to comprehend that they are dying.  They may go to great lengths to ignore the reality of the situation or even discuss it with their loved ones or doctors. The denial phase of grief is often an immediate reaction, and a person begins to move through it once they have had time to process the information. Anger When a person reaches the anger stage, they may experience and express these feelings inwardly, outwardly, or both. They may be angry because they feel they aren’t ready to die or that they don’t “deserve” it. They may process these angry feelings inwardly and prefer to avoid interacting with others. A person may also take their anger out on the people around them including friends, family, and even doctors and nurses.   Normal vs. Complicated Grief Bargaining Eventually, most people move into a stage of bargaining. If they are religious, a person may ask their higher power to save their life. They may pray and promise “to be good” or “better” if only God will spare them.   Conversations with others during the bargaining stage of grief may feature a lot of statements that start with “If only…” These comments may be directed at what a person wishes they could undo about the past (“If only I hadn’t started smoking…”) or focus on the things they are realizing they will miss out on (“If only I could live to see my grandchildren grow up…”). Depression Most people experience depression at some point in the dying and grieving process, though it may take different forms.?? When someone is dealing with the death of a loved one, a period of mourning is an expected reaction to the loss.  Alternatively, when a person is in the process of dying themselves, the mourning is preemptive. Anticipatory grief can involve more than just the loss of their life; as death gets closer and they become more dependent on others, a person may mourn the loss of their independence and their identity.   How Do You Know If Its Grief or Depression? Acceptance The final stage of grief is acceptance. While it’s usually described as a person being “at peace” with death, that doesnt necessarily mean its an easy stage to be in and that a person will feel relieved or unafraid once they reach it. In fact, it’s not uncommon for someone in the last stage of grief to feel nothing at all, and the numbness may help people cope with death.?? It can take a long time to reach a stage of acceptance and reaching acceptance doesn’t mean that a person won’t return to a previous stage if their situation changes.   Having a support network of family and friends at each stage of the grieving process can provide guidance and comfort, but it’s also not uncommon to seek professional help when facing a loss.   People commonly turn to grief counseling, support groups, and clergy to help them process and cope with their grief.   Social Changes Another emotional aspect of dying is the concept of “social death,” which can start long before a person experiences any physical signs of imminent death.?? When someone knows they are likely to die within a specific timeframe, such as after receiving a terminal cancer diagnosis, it inevitably affects their social life. In some cases, a person withdraws from others. If they are very ill, they may be forced to leave work or school and may lose social connections as a result. They may also isolate themselves from friends and family as they try to “come to terms” with their imminent death and take time to reflect on their life. How to Talk to a Dying Loved One Sometimes, a person who is dying may become isolated not because they are withdrawing, but because the people around them are not sure what to say or do.   Friends and loved ones may find it difficult to acknowledge the reality of death (especially when it reminds them of their own mortality) and might avoid being in a situation that forces them to confront it.   Whether or not a person has a wider network of community support also makes a difference. People living in rural areas or far from their families may not have many social resources and may not be well enough to travel elsewhere. Similarly, older adults living in long-term care facilities and nursing homes may experience “social death” for years if they rarely have visitors.?? If you are caring for someone who is dying, social support is an important part of caring for yourself throughout the process.   Caregiver Stress If you have never been in a situation where you have had to consider death, you may be overwhelmed by the need to process your feelings about both the loss of your loved one as well as the reminder that you will die someday.   If you have experienced the death of someone close to you in the past, caring for a loved one going through that process may bring back old memories and grief.   While the needs of your loved one who is dying may feel demanding at times, remember that your own well-being is still your priority. If you are emotionally and physically well, you will have the energy, strength, focus, and patience to be fully present with your dying loved one and attend to their needs. One inspirational sentiment about death I keep coming back to is a story about a little boy who passed away. The little boys mother said a prayer that went: Dear Sam, Thank you for the honor of being your mom. We had a lot of fun. I love you. Please pray for us.I return to this story because I appreciate this way of thinking about death. I hope that, when faced with the  death of a loved one, I will be able to reach this level of peace and understanding. It just seems healthy to me. â€" Mark Stibich, PhD Recognizing Caregiver Stress in the Dying Process Spiritual and Existential Aspects Religious and spiritual needs throughout the dying process will be highly individual, but even someone who has not engaged with religion or spirituality throughout their life may find themselves thinking about these concepts more deeply when they are confronted with death.   When we talk about thinking about life on a bigger level, its referred to as existential thinking or, sometimes, an existential crisis. Any major change or trauma, including serious illness or injury, death, and bereavement, can bring up these thoughts and feelings. The spiritual and existential aspects of the dying and grieving process are natural, but they can also be intense, exhausting, and distressing.?? Coping With Your Fear of Death A person may feel a sense of desperation or as though time is running out as they race to take stock of their lives and make plans for their death. They may reflect back on decisions they made in their lives, question their choices, and wrestle with guilt about things that they said or did. They may ask “What if?” and try to imagine how their life might have played out differently.   Depending on their spiritual and religious beliefs, a person may desire to feel closer to their higher power. They may want to attend religious services more often or have a spiritual leader visit them to provide guidance and comfort.   On the other hand, if they are grappling with anger about their death, they may feel distanced from their spiritual center and may not wish to engage with their religious practice. If a person’s religion has traditions for the dying, they may wish to begin taking part in them. They may also want to discuss how they would like their spiritual life to be reflected throughout the dying process and the period after.   The spiritual and existential needs of people who are caring for loved ones who are dying must also be considered.?? Just as a person who is dying might seek comfort from religious leaders or texts, those who are caring for them may benefit from reaching out to their spiritual or religious community. Practical Aspects Although it might not be foremost on someones mind, addressing the practical aspects of death, dying, and grief is an important part of the process. Its also one that you can plan ahead for. People often find it difficult to discuss end-of-life plans, living wills, and funeral arrangements, but these are elements of the dying process that you can discuss long before they are needed. Once you and your loved ones have spoken openly about your preferences, you can involve professionals such as accountants, funeral directors, lawyers, doctors, and other healthcare professionals to ensure that your wishes will be honored. While the conversation and documentation involved can be overwhelming, and the requirements will depend on where you live, there are many resources available to help you get started. Once the task is done, youll hopefully feel reassured that you have what you need to make the process as easy as possible when the time comes. Setting up a system of friends, neighbors, and community support ensures you are prepared for the time you have left with your loved one. Your mind will likely be far from thoughts of laundry and grocery shopping during this time, but these practical concerns still need to be addressed. Having someone to help with cleaning and meal prep will allow you to focus your time and energy on being with your loved one in their final days. Your To-Do List After a Loved One Dies A Word From Verywell We all will have experiences with death, but we wont all experience death and dying in the same way. Our unique experiences may even change as we age and are confronted with death more often. How we feel about death, what we will need and want during the dying process, and the way we grieve when we lose someone we love is influenced by our beliefs and experiences. Whats important to know is that many of the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of dying that are distressing and confusing are actually normal. While you cant always control the circumstances or even know for sure how you will react in a situation, there are aspects of the dying process that you and your family can plan for. Discussing your preferences for end-of-life care, setting up a support network, and reaching out to your spiritual community are all ways you can empower yourself to face death openly and honestly. Whether you are confronting your own mortality or caring for a loved one who is dying, its also important to remember that you dont have to do it alone. In addition to your friends and family, grief counselors, support groups, religious communities, and health care providers can also provide resources and support. End-of-Life: What to Expect, What to Do, and How to Cope

The Ecstasy of Agony in Love in the Time of Cholera - Literature Essay Samples

An imminent era of lovesickness persuades the course of Fermina Daza and Florentino Arizas love affair; it is this pending ailment as Gabriel Garcia Marquez title Love in the Time of Cholera suggests that fuels the lovers final movement away from the brutal mockery of hope and the phantoms of disillusion, (345) and straight to the heart of love (345). Although the love between Fermina and Florentino is born out of a certain senseless and youthful passion, it is a passion nonetheless perpetuated by the suffering of each; while Florentino wallows in a pool of fragrant vomit (65) for his love, Fermina is dying of fatigue and loose bowels (85). In light of the torment that this loves survival demands, years roll by in the favor of an affair that will one day be consummated, but only at a moment in time that is undeniably terminal, at an age where physical corrosion harmonizes with emotional strife, and when their self-inflicted passions become, finally, a compassion that cannot logica lly be disentangled from the slow dying that infiltrates each of their lives. Time, in the novel, passes as mercilessly as the two aging lovers are stubborn, for only when the hour is right and in that sacred hour of sickness will Fermina and Florentino finally escape together in their decrepitude.Marquez presents an onslaught of emotional turmoil that is ostensibly incurable, extending for half a century; the readers consolation is a final reunion between Florentino and Fermina that comes neither too late nor too soon and yet alarmingly near what would seem to be their physical ends. Only when Fermina is in her seventies can she actualize her love for Florentino, confident that it is not frivolous, For love was always love, anytime and anyplace, but it was more solid the closer it came to death (345). Age thus finds Florentino and Fermina less like belated lovers (345), but right on time, like an old married couple wary of life (345), such that the thread of suffering born origi nally out of their unsubstantiated fervor leads them to find each other beneath the physical and emotional ruins of the years gone by years sustained by the turmoil of distance, a severed relation needed to provoke the affliction that constitutes their love. The proximity of death, an imminence of calamity in a time of cholera, a gradual suffering, and not an instantaneous fatality, defines the stuff of Ferminas and Florentinos love when they are twenty and when they are eighty. The author of Love in the Time of Cholera dares to suggest that this affair, albeit consummated late, will not end by the strong hand of death or by any other force of time as we understand it; as the reader knows that Florentino has never said anything [he] did not mean (348), much less when illuminated by the grace of the Holy Spirit (348), he speaks: They will keep coming and going (348), along a river that teems with dead bodies ravaged by the violence of life; Fermina and Florentino wave the flag of ch olera and set out to keep on forever (348) in that peaceful limbo between life and death, together wary of the horror of real life (348) and immersed in the ever-present prospect of a long and tortuous end.Marquez two lovers come together in the midst of a wasteland, a river of extinction. As the mother of Florentino foreshadows early on that women give themselves only to men of resolute spirit (65), it is, in fact, the fundamental passage of time (and thus, civilizations advances in technology) that allow Florentino to end feverishness and express his thoughts in a typewritten letter for the one woman who demands the exactitude of such an instrument. And only as the remnants of an elapsed era could these lovers unite they are the poor old couple (334), waiting impatiently, fearing, to be beaten to death in the boat (334). In a final clear-sighted moment on the water, Florentino and Fermina find their everlasting grace; the lovers persist from where they began in their youth under taking, as they always have, a sacramental practice in anguish. Inspired by the Holy Spirit, they will delight in eternal crucifixion.

Enuma Elish Vs Genesis - 1352 Words

Oral Roberts University â€Å"Survey of the Old Testament† Essay # 1 Victor Francis Mavika Survey OF Old Testament Prof. Martin Lyons 21 September 2017 There are multiple debates and arguments concerning the creation story of both mankind and the universe from the Bible and the Babylonian creation poem the Enuma Elish. There is a debate on whether the two accounts have similarities or one of them borrowed its content from the other. Enuma Elish is a great Assyrian poem which narrates the story of the creation of the world and man. The poem contains what the old empires believed concerning the creation of the universe. This Babylonian and Assyrian poem gives an account of how Apsu (fresh water) and Tiamat (sea water)†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then God said, â€Å"Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.† (Gen 1:26). Contrary to Genesis, in EE man is a servant to the gods. The main purpose of man’s creation was for the gods to be free from work. Their work was mainly to lessen all types of physical labor to the gods. â€Å"That the service of the gods may be established, and that their shrines may be built† (cf. EE VI.5-9). It was God’s purpose for man to take care of the garden. Contrary to EE, God’s purpose was not to lessen the number of activities he had; He wanted to have fellowship with man. Thirdly, both accounts express the existence of chaotic state before creation. The fact is there is no order depicted in both accounts. In verses two of Genesis the Bible states â€Å"†¦Now the earth was formless and empty.† No presence of any living creature because of this chaotic nature. Similarly, to Genesis account, EE chaotic nature of the universe is mainly due to the absence of gods. Tiamat and Apsu both represent aspects of the physical world. Apsu is a god of fresh water and fertility while Tiamat goddess of the sea, therefore, chaos and threat. The fierce battle between Marduk and Tiamat replaces Apsu and Tiamat Chaotic nature. AndShow MoreRelatedMs Paul2146 Words   |  9 Pagesand the Bible. For example, the Enuma Elish (a Babylonian creation account) supposedly proves that the writer(s) of the biblical creation account in Genesis aligned it with the Babylonian account. Chapter Five A basic comparison of the elements and characteristics of both accounts reveals that the similarities are artificial. Oswalt reminds his readers, â€Å"In fact it is important to point out that the Enuma Elish is not about ‘creation’ at all† (101). Genesis speaks of God creating somethingRead MoreWeekly Study Questions 11946 Words   |  8 PagesMODULE ONE AN INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS Bible Topics | * Mosaic Authorship * Dating of Genesis * Purpose of Writing * Theological Themes of Genesis | People to Know | Places to Know | Terms to Know | SpinozaAstruc | | Documentary TheoryCovenant History | Study Questions: Answer the following questions (based on the reading), save it and then submit it to the professor. 1. What is the Documentary Theory? The Documentary Source Theory states the belief that Torah was

Review of John Carlins Invictus - 2183 Words

â€Å"Nelson Mandela is a man of destiny† -F.W. De Klerk (140). How did a man who spent 27 years in prison change the hearts and minds of people who called him â€Å"terrorist in chief?† Is it possible for one man’s determination and careful planning change the direction of a country so set on the norm? John Carlin tells the story of Nelson Mandela through the eyes of people close to him as well as through the eyes of his enemies. Both friends and enemies portray just his presence as overwhelming. Invictus tells the story of how Mandela used his overwhelming presence to unite a country through the sport of rugby. The story begins on the morning of the 1995 Rugby World Cup championship game. The rest of the book details how he got to that†¦show more content†¦Many right-wing extremist were very upset at the prospect of these talks. Constand Viljoen was a former overall commander of the SADF (South African Defense Force). He soon become the leader of a group who called themselves the Volksfront. The Volksfront was a formation of many right-wing groups who had joined together for military purposes. Their main purpose was to not allow the majority (blacks) to be able to vote. These Afrikaners had been taught their whole lives that black people did not have the same rights as whites and had grown up in an apartheid society. One day they decided to show their military prowess and marched to the World Trade Center. Unsure of what to do the riot police (mostly Afrikaners) allowed the extremist into the building. No shots were fired, but Viljoen had shown that he had forces ready to act. Mandela was very troubled when he heard the account of that day and immediately requested a meeting with Viljoen. Once again Mandela used his overwhelming presence and quelled the concerns Viljoen and people like him had of the increasing likelihood of an ANC majority in parliament. After multiple meetings with Viljoen, the only attacks th at occurred did not include the entire Volksfront. Mandela was proving that he could impress even the people who despised him the most, but he would later learn that was not enough to unite a country. The first multirace elections in South Africa were held in April of 1994. As expected the

Book Review of The Road by Cormac McCarthy

Add the post-apocalyptic The Road to Cormac McCarthy’s growing list of masterpieces. It combines the terse but poetic meditations on the horrific depths of human depravity of his Blood Meridian with the taut, thriller writing found in his, No Country for Old Men. What separates The Road from his other works is McCarthy’s ability to capture moments of lyrical and emotional beauty in a father and son’s haunted relationship even as a silent cloud of death covers the world in darkness. Synopsis of  The Road A nameless man and his son trek to the coast in search of food, shelter, and some sign of life.Encounters with other humans are devastating affairs of cruelty, savagery, or despair.Even in a seemingly hopeless struggle for his son, the father notices moments that bring warmth.Though weary, moments of luck or providence seem to catch them before death’s grip can take hold.The Road doesn’t turn away from ultimate horror  but also doesn’t hide defiant love. Pros Sears its mark into your mind from the first sentence to weeks after you’ve put it down.Reveals the strength of a father’s love for his son in the bleakest of circumstances.Written by a master author who knows how to make every word count.Involves a post-apocalyptic world that is frighteningly realized. Cons Only recommended for aged and bold readers. Full Review of The Road â€Å"When he woke in the woods in the dark and the cold of the night he’d reach out to touch the child sleeping beside him.† A father and son are striving to survive in a wilderness that used to be a country that used to be the most prosperous nation on earth. All that is left is ash, floating and falling when the wind chooses not to breathe. This is the setting of The Road, a journey of survival only Cormac McCarthy could envision. McCarthy carves this world in a harsh, stark lyricism reserved for those who speak unflinching prophecy. Both the father and son are surrounded by a nightmare and are frightened by others when they sleep. They are always starving, always cautiously alert, only having a grocery cart with a few blankets and a gun with two bullets, either to protect against the cannibalistic humanity following their tracks or for the father to finish their lives before despair consumes them both. As they journey to the coast in search of something, the father tells the boy it is better to have nightmares because when you start dreaming, you know the end is near. McCarthy allows the reader to dream for them, striving on with them until a conclusion that whispers, under the pain and futility, of a sovereignty that is older than the destruction ever looming in the world. The Road is a brutally astonishing work. If your book discussion club is up for the dark themes, it is a book that will leave you wanting to discuss it with others. The movie adaptation is also available for those who prefer that medium. Check out our discussion questions for The Road to guide your exploration of the book further.

Aristotle s View On How Virtuous Action Differs From That...

In this paper, I will examine Aristotle’s view on how virtuous action differs from that of craft (techne) action due to its issuing from a firm and unchanging disposition, as well as provide Aristotle’s reasoning as to why this is the case. In order to understand the differences between these two types of actions, one must first understand the similarities that both virtuous action and craft action share. Once the common traits of both virtuous and craft action have been examined, it will be possible to gain a better understanding of the differences between the two types of action, and how significant these differences truly are. Finally, once an understanding of both virtuous and craft action has been established, it will then be possible to examine Aristotle’s claim that virtuous action stems from a firm and unchanging disposition and why it is that we must accept this claim to recognize virtuous action for what it is. In the work Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle defines Happiness as the final or highest end a human being strives for. He also claims that in order to live a â€Å"happy life† one must live a Life of Virtue. But how does one live a life of virtue without knowing what the virtues are or how to go about performing virtuous acts? Aristotle claims that we begin to acquire the virtues by first putting them into action. This is where Aristotle makes a comparison between virtuous action and craft (techne) action. He claims that moral virtue is akin to craft in the factShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesOxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-PermanenceRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesA PicA Trix MiscellAny Underground Edition 2007 e.v. CONTENTS On the Picatrix I. Introduction to the Picatrix (The Aim of the Sage) of al-Majriti, Maslamati ibn Ahmad II. Summary of the Contents of the Picatrix III. Excerpt from a Lecture on Alchemy by Terence McKenna On the Moon and the Lunar Mansions IV. Extracts on the Moon V. The Mansions of the Moon: â€Å"On the Creation, Proportion and Composition of the Heavens for the Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western Astrology

Digital Fortress Chapter 20 Free Essays

La Clinica de Salud Publica was actually a converted elementary school and didn’t much resemble a hospital at all. It was a long, one-story brick building with huge windows and a rusted swing set out back. Becker headed up the crumbling steps. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 20 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inside, it was dark and noisy. The waiting room was a line of folding metal chairs that ran the entire length of a long narrow corridor. A cardboard sign on a sawhorse read oficina with an arrow pointing down the hall. Becker walked the dimly lit corridor. It was like some sort of eerie set conjured up for a Hollywood horror flick. The air smelled of urine. The lights at the far end were blown out, and the last forty or fifty feet revealed nothing but muted silhouettes. A bleeding woman†¦ a young couple crying†¦ a little girl praying†¦ Becker reached the end of the darkened hall. The door to his left was slightly ajar, and he pushed it open. It was entirely empty except for an old, withered woman naked on a cot struggling with her bedpan. Lovely. Becker groaned. He closed the door. Where the hell is the office? Around a small dog-leg in the hall, Becker heard voices. He followed the sound and arrived at a translucent glass door that sounded as if a brawl were going on behind it. Reluctantly, Becker pushed the door open. The office. Mayhem. Just as he’d feared. The line was about ten people deep, everyone pushing and shouting. Spain was not known for its efficiency, and Becker knew he could be there all night waiting for discharge info on the Canadian. There was only one secretary behind the desk, and she was fending off disgruntled patients. Becker stood in the doorway a moment and pondered his options. There was a better way. â€Å"Con permiso!† an orderly shouted. A fast-rolling gurney sailed by. Becker spun out of the way and called after the orderly. â€Å"?Donde esta el telefono?† Without breaking stride, the man pointed to a set of double doors and disappeared around the corner. Becker walked over to the doors and pushed his way through. The room before him was enormous-an old gymnasium. The floor was a pale green and seemed to swim in and out of focus under the hum of the fluorescent lights. On the wall, a basketball hoop hung limply from its backboard. Scattered across the floor were a few dozen patients on low cots. In the far corner, just beneath a burned-out scoreboard, was an old pay phone. Becker hoped it worked. As he strode across the floor, he fumbled in his pocket for a coin. He found 75 pesetas in cinco-duros coins, change from the taxi-just enough for two local calls. He smiled politely to an exiting nurse and made his way to the phone. Scooping up the receiver, Becker dialed Directory Assistance. Thirty seconds later he had the number for the clinic’s main office. Regardless of the country, it seemed there was one universal truth when it came to offices: Nobody could stand the sound of an unanswered phone. It didn’t matter how many customers were waiting to be helped, the secretary would always drop what she was doing to pick up the phone. Becker punched the six-digit exchange. In a moment he’d have the clinic’s office. There would undoubtedly be only one Canadian admitted today with a broken wrist and a concussion; his file would be easy to find. Becker knew the office would be hesitant to give out the man’s name and discharge address to a total stranger, but he had a plan. The phone began to ring. Becker guessed five rings was all it would take. It took nineteen. â€Å"Clinica de Salud Publica,† barked the frantic secretary. Becker spoke in Spanish with a thick Franco-American accent. â€Å"This is David Becker. I’m with the Canadian Embassy. One of our citizens was treated by you today. I’d like his information such that the embassy can arrange to pay his fees.† â€Å"Fine,† the woman said. â€Å"I’ll send it to the embassy on Monday.† â€Å"Actually,† Becker pressed, â€Å"it’s important I get it immediately.† â€Å"Impossible,† the woman snapped. â€Å"We’re very busy.† Becker sounded as official as possible. â€Å"It is an urgent matter. The man had a broken wrist and a head injury. He was treated sometime this morning. His file should be right on top.† Becker thickened the accent in his Spanish-just clear enough to convey his needs, just confusing enough to be exasperating. People had a way of bending the rules when they were exasperated. Instead of bending the rules, however, the woman cursed self-important North Americans and slammed down the phone. Becker frowned and hung up. Strikeout. The thought of waiting hours in line didn’t thrill him; the clock was ticking-the old Canadian could be anywhere by now. Maybe he had decided to go back to Canada. Maybe he would sell the ring. Becker didn’t have hours to wait in line. With renewed determination, Becker snatched up the receiver and redialed. He pressed the phone to his ear and leaned back against the wall. It began to ring. Becker gazed out into the room. One ring†¦ two rings†¦ three – A sudden surge of adrenaline coursed through his body. Becker wheeled and slammed the receiver back down into its cradle. Then he turned and stared back into the room in stunned silence. There on a cot, directly in front of him, propped up on a pile of old pillows, lay an elderly man with a clean white cast on his right wrist. Chapter 21 The American on Tokugen Numataka’s private line sounded anxious. â€Å"Mr. Numataka-I only have a moment.† â€Å"Fine. I trust you have both pass-keys.† â€Å"There will be a small delay,† the American answered. â€Å"Unacceptable,† Numataka hissed. â€Å"You said I would have them by the end of today!† â€Å"There is one loose end.† â€Å"Is Tankado dead?† â€Å"Yes,† the voice said. â€Å"My man killed Mr. Tankado, but he failed to get the pass-key. Tankado gave it away before he died. To a tourist.† â€Å"Outrageous!† Numataka bellowed. â€Å"Then how can you promise me exclusive-â€Å" â€Å"Relax,† the American soothed. â€Å"You will have exclusive rights. That is my guarantee. As soon as the missing pass-key is found, Digital Fortress will be yours.† â€Å"But the pass-key could be copied!† â€Å"Anyone who has seen the key will be eliminated.† There was a long silence. Finally Numataka spoke. â€Å"Where is the key now?† â€Å"All you need to know is that it will be found.† â€Å"How can you be so certain?† â€Å"Because I am not the only one looking for it. American Intelligence has caught wind of the missing key. For obvious reasons they would like to prevent the release of Digital Fortress. They have sent a man to locate the key. His name is David Becker.† â€Å"How do you know this?† â€Å"That is irrelevant.† Numataka paused. â€Å"And if Mr. Becker locates the key?† â€Å"My man will take it from him.† â€Å"And after that?† â€Å"You needn’t be concerned,† the American said coldly. â€Å"When Mr. Becker finds the key, he will be properly rewarded.† How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 20, Essay examples

Advantages of internet free essay sample

Thanks to the growth of information technology, we now live in the ‘Computer Age’. The Internet has many uniquely modern functions. Yet, there are risks and bad effects when using it. Four pros are going to fight against four cons below. Widely used in offices, research institutes, information centers and education, the Internet has greatly raised the accuracy and efficiency of work, and saved much money and manpower for human beings. This multi-medium assists us in our work in so many ways. It can centralize updated data and backup documents without copying by hand. We can check available balance, make transfer payment, pay bills and buy insurance or stock through the internet. It makes our life so much easier. On the other hand, the Internet represents an opportunity for students to explore the incredible wealth of information which enhances our learning. The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills have made collaborative work dramatically easier. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of internet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It allows us to conveniently and professionally do researches, prepare projects, and do other work. This really can enable us to acquire more knowledge and equip ourselves. The Internet provides us with new chances to widen communication and deepen relationships. We can stay in touch with family and friends across the globe via using chat-rooms and messaging tools such as MSN and facebook, a very popular site which allows people to share photos with others. Moreover, you can meet friends worldwide and exchange different cultures. Fun and entertainment can also be offered by the Internet. Shopping on line no longer sounds strange. It is handy and comfortable to get what you want on web sites and wait at home for the goods delivered. Children can play various kinds of on-line games. Indeed, the Internet has become a companion of man. Despite the numerous advantages of using the Internet, there are some disadvantages we should admit. The use of the Internet may have bad effects upon the economic fields and society. A sudden and undesirable change in a program of a computer system can cause a bank to lose thousands of million dollars within one day. Work of months or even years may be destroyed within one minute by computer viruses. People have to bear the pain of facing by sudden power cut or failures of function. Crimes committed with the help of computers are not rare. As the regulations of uploading information or photos via the internet are not strictly revised, ones privacy may not be highly protected. Along with the rise in broadband internet connections, people can easily share and download illegal pirated files such as movies and music. The classified documents of the Hong Kong Police Department and ICAC have been exposed to the public because of the guarantee-free file-sharing program on the Internet. Such an incident reflects that Internet crime can be so serious that it can threaten governments and businesses. In addition, computers provide no direct communication among people. Conversations are mostly expressed in written words rather than spoken language. The lack of personal interaction may result in a loss of social skills. One’s way of getting along with people cannot be practiced simply through the Internet. The internet somehow behaves like drugs and alcohol. Being addicted to it, people sometimes don’t know when to stop accessing it. Such behavior is regarded as a kind of illness nowadays. Overuse may result in neglect of other aspects of life, such as work and study. Unless one has the real need to use computers for a period of time, it is particularly time-consuming to surf most of the time. Moreover, some people may get their eyes hurt by sitting for too long in front of computers. These actions should not be encouraged. Despite these facts, the Internet has been a major source of information and leisure, and we should use it wisely and discreetly. I personally think the benefits outweigh the harm. With a few clicks on the keyboard, we can virtually visit everywhere in the world. I believe the Internet will bring us more surprises and offer us a promising tomorrow

Outcasts of Poker Flat Essay Example

Outcasts of Poker Flat Paper There, the armed men warn the outcasts not to return to Poker Flat under penalty of death. . On their way Into exile, uncle Billy and the women bitterly bemoan their fate while Croakers remains quiet. They head for Sandy Bar, a days travel away over steep mountains. The road is narrow and the air dry and cold in the foothills of the mountains. They plod on until noon, when the Duchess declares she can go no farther. Croakers wants to go on lest the party run out of provisions. However, his fellow travelers stay put, using liquor to comfort them. Uncle Billy goes into a stupor, the Duchess becomes tearfully emotional, and Mother Spittoon falls asleep. Croakers does not drink. As a gambler, he had cultivated the habit of staying sober. .. While observing his surroundings- the mountains, the pine trees, the cloudy sky, the valley below-he sees a horseman coming toward him. It Is young Tom Jimson, from whom Croakers had once won $40 In Sandy Bar. Croakers returned the money saying, Tommy, youre a good little man, but you cant gamble worth a cent. Dont try it over again. Because of that magnanimous gesture, Tom admires Croakers as something of a god. When Tom greets Croakers, he tells him a little about himself. He had decided to leave Sandy Bar and go to Poker Flat, he says, with his sweetheart Piney Woods to make his fortune and marry Piney. Her father, Jake Woods, had opposed the marriage, so they had no alternative but to run away. Piney, who is plumy attractive, rides up Just thendemure and embarrassed and innocentfrom behi nd a pine tree. Uncle Billy is about to say something untoward when Croakers kicks him. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcasts of Poker Flat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Outcasts of Poker Flat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Outcasts of Poker Flat specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Anyway, it seems young Tom and Piney want to Join Croakers and his company of outcasts, but Croakers-who doesnt want them tagging along-points out that they have no provisions and no place to stay. However, Tom says he has a pack mule loaded with supplies. He also found an abandoned log house nearby. It Is a roofless ruin, but It goes have walls. .Piney can stay with Mrs.. Croakers, the youth says. He thinks ten Duchess Is narrators welt. NC e Billy Is auto to laugh Duty remembers Sauerkrauts foot. So he walks off up the canyon, out of hearing range, then does his laughing. When he returns, everybody is sitting by a fire talking. At that moment, an idea pops into his alcoholic brain, causing him so much amusement that he shoves a fist into his mouth to stifle a laugh. . That night, the women sleep in the cabin and the men near the fire. Just before dawn, Croakers awakens and sees snow. Uncle Billy is gone. So are all the animals. Fortunately, though, all the supplies had been placed in the cabin. . . At first light, the snow is coming down hard and further travel is out of the question. Croakers tells Tom that Uncle Billy must have gotten up in the night and spooked the mules, then ran off after them. No sense frightening the young people, he thinks. But the Duchess and Mother Spittoon realize what had happened-thieving Billy took them. .. Tom immediately offers to share his supplies and seems to look forward to the time all of them will be spending together. Well have a good camp for a week, he says, and then the snowball melt .. Len the evening, everyone is cheerful. As they sit around the fire, they sing songs. Piney manages to force tunes from Toms accordion while he raps two bone castanets. The storm stops at midnight and the skies open to glittering stars. Tom and Croakers take turns keeping watch, but the latter does most of the watching. Hes used to going without sleep because of his frequent all-night poker games. .. The next day, huge snowdrifts surround the cabin. In the distance, miles away, smoke curls up from Poker flat. Mother Spittoon curses the town. She then sets herself to the task of amusing Piney. After another day, they all sit again at the fire. However, the music begins to lose its magic as the food supply dwindles and hunger creeps into their stomachs. Piney proposes that they tell stories. Croakers, the Duchess, and Mother Spittoon are less than enthusiastic about this idea, but Tom takes to it, noting that he had recently read Alexander Popes rendition of Homers ancient Greek classic, The Iliad. So they listen as the youth recites portions of the tale and mangles the pronunciation of names He pronounces the name of famous Greek hero Achilles as Ash-heels. . A week passes and snow falls again. Eventually, the drifts around the cabin reach 20 feet. The fire is harder and harder to maintain because wood is less plentiful. But no one complains, although Mother Spittoon is sick and failing fast. . At midnight on the 10th day, Mother Spittoon-now in a very bad way-tells Croakers to open a bundle under her head and give the food in it to Tom and Piney. When Croakers opens it, he discovers a full week of rations. She had been saving her food for the young people. Mother Spittoon then turns away and dies. They place her body in the snow. . .. At daylight, Croakers reveals a pair of snowshoes he made out f a pack saddle, then tells Tom to use them to reach Poker Flat. Its the only way to save his sweetheart, he says. Croakers says he will walk out a little way with Tom, then return. Before leaving, he kisses the Duchess, which amazes her. . At nightfall, there is no sign of Croakers. It is snowing again. While the Duchess tends the fire, she notices that someone had piled wood next to the fire-enough to keep it going a good while longer. Tears well in her eyes, but she doesnt let Piney see them. The snow, meanwhile, continues through the next day and into the evening. The women now realize the end is near. In the morning, they lack the strength to keep the fire going, and it slowly dies. Piney, can you pray? the Duchess says. NO, dear. . The Duchess puts her head on Pines shoulder and they fall asleep. They sleep the rest of the day and into the next. Then voices and footsteps break the silence around the cabin and a hand brushes snow from the faces of the two women. The narrator says, Mimi could scarcely have told from the equal peace that dwelt upon them, which was she that sinned. Even the law of Poker Flat recognized this, and turned away, leaving them still locked in each others arms. . N a nearby pine tree is a knife stuck through the two of clubs. On the card is a message written in pencil: BENEATH THIS TREE LIES THE BODY OF JOHN CROAKERS, WHO STRUCK A STREAK OF BAD LUCK ON THE ADD OF NOVEMBER, 1850, AND HANDED IN HIS CHECKS ON THE 7TH DECEMBER, 1850. . At his side is a Derringer, which had put a bullet through his heart. He had been the strongest and yet the weakest of the outcasts of Poker Flat. Setting The action takes place in California between November 23 and December 7, 1850, when towns grew up from the influx of people seeking fortunes by mining for gold. Characters John Croakers: Professional gambler who is forced out of the town of Poker Flat as an undesirable because he wins so much money from the townspeople. The Duchess and Mother Spittoon: Prostitutes who are also banished from Poker Flat. Uncle Billy: Thief and drunkard who is likewise forced out of town. Tom Jimson: Young man who leaves town and Joins Croakers and the other outcasts. He admires Croakers, who returned $40 he had won from Billy after feeling sorry for him. Piney Woods: Toms sweetheart, who leaves town with him. They had planned to marry in Poker Flat. Jim Wheeler: Resident of Poker Flat who bemoans the loss of money to Croakers. Jake Woods: Pines father. He is referred to in the story but plays no active role in it. Type of Work and Publication Date The Outcasts of Poker Flat is a short story. It first appeared in Overland Monthly in January 1869, when Heart was the editor of the publication. Themes Hidden Goodness There is goodnessand even heroismin the heart of many of societys outcasts. John Croakers, the Duchess, Mother Spittoon all behave selflessly when death creeps up on them. For example, they treat the two young people with utmost consideration and kindness. Croakers could have used his snowshoes to return to civilization; instead, he gave them to Tom Jimson. Mother Spittoon and the Duchess act as surrogate mothers to Piney Woods. Except for Uncle Billy, all the characters are tolerant of one another as they attempt to keep up their spirits under extremely difficult circumstances. Mother Spittoon, the Duchess, and Piney Woods die nobly and courageously. Unrest snoozes silence, revealing Tanat en was at once ten strongest and yet the weakest of the outcasts of Poker Flat, the narrator says. Hypocrisy The citizens of Poker Flats secret committee appear upright and Just, at least to themselves. However, in regard to John Croakers, they are hypocrites. After all, they sat down at the poker table with him, becoming gamblers themselves. But after losing money to him, they run him out of town. One citizen, John Wheeler, even suggests hanging him, then taking back their money. Indifference of Nature Nature shows no mercy to the outcasts. After Poker Flat rejects them, heavy snow isolates them. The sky clears, offering them hope, only to form new clouds that bring more snow. John Croakers may be a poker player par excellence, but he cannot defeat Mother Nature. Climax The climax of The Outcasts of Poker Flat occurs when John Croakers fails to return o the cabin after seeing off Tom Jimson on the latters snowshoe trek back to Poker Flat. It is at this point that the Duchess and Piney accept the imminence of death. Heart as a Local Colorist Bret Heart is among the American writers associated with the local-color genre. Besides presenting narratives in a regional dialect, local-color writers, or local colorist, attempted to portray life in the various sections of burgeoning America. Heart, for example, focused many of his stories on the gold-mining camps and towns. However, rather than writing soberly realistic stories, local colorist tended to write Tories infused with eccentrics as characters and whimsical plotting, according to William Flint Thrall and Addison Hubbard, authors of A Handbook to Literature (266). Thrall and Hubbard also note that local colorist emphasized verisimilitude of detail without being concerned often enough about truth to the larger aspects of life or human nature (266). Work Cited Thrall, William Flint and Addison Hubbard. A Handbook to Literature. Revised and enlarged by C. Hugh Holman. New York: The . Odyssey Press, 1960. Critical Reception The Outcasts of Poker Flat and similar stories of Heart were highly acclaimed and ideal popular in the decade or so after Heart published them, earning him substantial money and a worldwide audience. Although this story and others of his remain popular today, critics now believe he was far overrated as a stylist because of his use of sentimentality and because of lack of originality in his themes and plots. However, there can be no gainsaying that he invented stock character types later imitated in western novels and films. These character types include the roving gambler, like John Croakers, and the tainted ladies with hearts of gold, like the Duchess and Mother Spittoon. Overall, one may fairly say that Heart was an appealing and influential writer, but probably not great one. Bret Heart 1869 The Outcasts of Poker Flat was first published in the January, 1869, issue of the Overland Monthly magazine, which Bret Heart edited. At the time, Heart was on the threshold of national fame. The success of his short story The Luck of Roaring Camp the year before had elevated the twenty-nine-year-old writer to a position of literary prominence. Critics praised The Outcasts of Poker Flat as a suitable follow-up that controller Hearts stature as one AT ten most promising new autonomous In ten unlace States. By 1871 Heart was not only the highest paid writer in the country, but also one of the most popular. He was a regular contributor to the Atlantic Monthly, one of the most popular magazines of the day. Although both Hearts popularity and critical admiration for his work have declined in subsequent years, The Outcasts of Poker Flat remains an important piece of American literature and one of the best tales of the rough-and-tumble days of the California Gold Rush. In his use of the Western setting and local color, Heart proved to be a model for other authors, including Mark Twain, whose career he helped launch. Indeed, the familiarity of many of Hearts characterizations ? the quick-witted gambler or the prostitute with a heart of gold ? attest to the durability of his impact on popular culture. Heart first Journeyed to the American West in 1854 and was advantageously positioned to observe one of the key events of the nineteenth century, the California Gold Rush. This setting in The Outcasts of Poker Flat is used as a forum to explore themes of tolerance and forgiveness, appearance and reality, and the ominous power of nature. Plot Summary The Outcasts of Poker Flat is set near a California mining community during November of 1850. Experimenting with the effectiveness of vigilante Justice, the residents of Poker Flat hope to improve the town by expelling a group of undesirables. Among these objectionable characters are professional gambler John Croakers; a prostitute known as Duchess; her madam, Mother Spittoon; and Uncle Billy, the town drunkard and a suspected thief. The foursome is escorted to the edge of Poker Flat and forbidden to return at the peril of their lives. With no apparent alternative, the group heads toward the next settlement, Sandy Bar. However, the journey requires passage over a difficult mountain trail. Less than midway to their destination, the group becomes exhausted and decides to camp for the night. Croakers argues that they should continue on because they lack the provisions to stop safely. The party is unconcerned, ignores him, and opts to consume its supply of liquor. Later, a horseman from Sandy Bar arrives at the camp. His name is Tom Jimson, and he is also referred to as the Innocent. He is traveling with his fifteen- year-old fiance, Piney Woods. The two have eloped and are on their way to Poker Flat to be married. Jimson is an acquaintance of Croakers, having once lost forty dollars to him in a poker game. However, Croakers had taken pity on the Innocent and returned his money, advising him never to gamble again. As a result, Jimson perceives Croakers as a genuine friend and quickly offers to share his provisions with the foursome. Jimson directs the party to an abandoned cabin nearby, and they take shelter there for the night. The next morning Croakers is the first to rise and discovers that Uncle Billy has stolen their mules during the night. Furthermore, the winter snows have begun and left the party trapped in the valley. To avoid frightening Jimson and Piney, Croakers persuades the Duchess and Mother Spittoon o keep Billys theft a secret. Jimson has enough food to last the party ten days and enthusiastically offers to share. Unaware of the gravity of the situation, he envisions the group enjoying a happy camp until the snow melts. During the next week, the party remains trapped in the valley. Jimson and Piney not only remain naive about their chances of survival, but also about the reputations of the outcasts. They view the other women with respect and admiration. Unaccustomed to such kindness, the prostitutes Decode motherly toward Plane Ana are move Day ten celerity AT ten couples love. After ten days in the cabin, Mother Spittoon dies of starvation. She had been saving her rations and makes a final request for Croakers to give them to Piney. Realizing they are probably doomed, Croakers instructs Jimson to attempt a hike to Poker Flat to get help. The gambler then gathers a supply of firewood for Duchess and Piney and disappears. Several days later a rescue party arrives, only to discover the frozen bodies of the women huddled together inside the cabin. Croakers is found nearby with a pistol by his side and a bullet through his heart, and with a suicide note written on a playing card pinned to a tree above his body. Characters Duchess Duchess, a prostitute, is one of four individuals expelled from Poker Flat when the townspeople there decided to evict the undesirables. As the group of outcasts are making their way to Sandy Bar, she complains constantly, causing the group to stop short of their destination. When Piney Woods and Tom Jimson Join the group and they become trapped by the snow, Duchess becomes more cheerful and nurturing toward Piney. When the rescuers finally reach the group, they find Duchess and Piney huddle d together, dead, and by then it is impossible to determine which was she that had sinned. Innocent, the See Tom Jimson John Croakers John Croakers is one of four individuals who were expelled from Poker Flat when its townspeople decided to run out the undesirables. Croakers is a professional gambler noted for his coolness, impassiveness, and presence of mind. When young Tom Jimson and Piney Woods Join the outcasts, the reader learns that Croakers once returned to Jimson forty dollars that he won from the youth in a poker game, advising him to stay away from cards. When the outcasts are trapped by a snowstorm, Croakers assumes leadership of the group. After putting together a shift pair of snowshoes, he gives them to Jimson, instructing him to go to Poker Flat and bring help. When the rescue party finally arrives, Croakers has killed himself, revealing himself to be the strongest and yet the weakest of the outcasts of Poker Flat. Mother Spittoon Mother Spittoon, presumably the madam of the prostitute Duchess, is one of four individuals expelled from Poker Flat when the townspeople decided to rid the community of undesirables. Although she is accused of immorality, Mother Spittoon displays her true qualities when the outcasts are trapped in the snowstorm. Hoping to save Piney Woods, Mother Spittoon hoards her own share of the food instead of eating it. Shortly before she dies of starvation, she tells Croakers to give her rations to the bride-to-be so that she will have a better chance of surviving. Tom Jimson Tom Jimson is a guileless youth who is traveling to Poker Flat with his bride-to-be, Piney Woods, when they encounter the outcasts. On the basis of an earlier encounter with Croakers, Jimson decides to assist the outcasts, whom he treats with respect, ignorant of their undesirable status. Jimson is the lone survivor of the ordeal that ensues. Uncle Billy Uncle Billy, a suspected thief and confirmed drunkard, is one of the undesirables cast out of Poker Flat. Unlike the others, Uncle Billy scoffs at the innocence of Tom Salmons Ana Piney coos. During ten inlet en makes Totally ten groups Norse Ana mules, stranding them as it begins to snow. Piney Woods Piney Woods, a stout, comely damsel of fifteen, is Tom Simians bride-to-be. Piney has no understanding of the outcasts unsanitary reputations and treats them with courtesy and respect. In response to this kindness, they develop an affection for her hat intensifies as they observe her love for Jimson. She and Duchess freeze to death before rescuers can reach them. Themes The Outcasts of Poker Flat tells the story of four individuals exiled from a frontier town because of their alleged immorality. A blizzard traps them and a pair of innocent young lovers, leading to tragic consequences. Appearances and Reality At the beginning of the story, the four outcasts are described as improper persons, and their initial actions suggest that, except for Croakers, they are foul-mouthed, lazy, and prone to drunkenness. However, because they come from another talented, Tom and Piney know little about these strangers, and their perceptions are not clouded by the prejudices of the people in Poker Flat. In a previous brief encounter with Croakers, Tom had found him to be kind and gentlemanly, so Tom treats him as a gentleman rather than as a shifty card shark. The young couple assumes that the prostitute Duchess is Mrs.. Croakers, and Piney imagines that the women from Poker Flat must be ladies of a high social standing who are used to fine things. The discrepancy between appearance and reality becomes most apparent when the party is trapped in the snowstorm. Mother Spittoon may indeed be a madam, but she also shows herself to be compassionate and heroic when she sacrifices her life in an effort to save Piney. Likewise Duchess, the soiled sister, evolves into a companion and protector for Piney. By the end of the story, observers cannot determine which was she that had sinned. Croakers, the member of the party who appeared the most calm during the ordeal, eventually cannot play against unfavorable odds any longer and commits suicide. Throughout the story, Heart demonstrates that where human nature is concerned, reality is often more complex than appearances indicate. Change and Transformation Related to the themes of appearance and reality are the issues of change and transformation. During their period of confinement, the outcasts, particularly the two prostitutes, experience a type of metamorphosis. At first the women appear self- centered and dismissive of Tom and Piney and contemptuous of their naivetà ©. But as the group grows closer, these feelings shift to motherly affection, particularly toward Piney. One suspects the sincerity of the young lovers allows Duchess and Mother Spittoon openly to display aspects of their personalities they had previously chosen to once. Croakers also undergoes a transformation, though a less uplifting one. Until the end of the story, Croakers is portrayed as others see him and as he sees himself, as a person noted for coolness, impassiveness, and presence of mind. He is the first to grasp the groups predicament and quickly assumes command in the emergency. Toms earlier experience with him shows that he has always had a streak of kindness and protectiveness toward those younger and weaker than himself, and in the isolated community of outcasts this quickly develops into a thoughtful solicitude for his companions. When it is revealed that he killed himself, it is hard to say whether this represents a change in him or simply reveals a weakness that has always been anneal Detent n Nils apparent strength n. Fate Ana chance Chance plays a critical role in the demise of the stranded travelers. Many developments within the narrative rely on random occurrences. Among the many examples, one can argue that if the outcasts did not stop for the night or had begun their Journey one day earlier, they would have missed the snow and reached Sandy Bar. Similarly, if Tom and Piney had continued on their way rather than staying with he outcasts, they could have avoided the storm. However, one could also argue that if Croakers had sent Tom for help earlier, or had struggled to keep the fire lit rather than killing himself, most of the group might have survived. Heart uses the character of Croakers to develop the theme of fate. As too much of a gambler not to accept fate, Croakers explains that with luck all you know for certain is that its bound to change. Once the party is stranded, Sauerkrauts gambling philosophy creates a dilemma for him. Having experienced a streak of bad luck since the group left Poker Flat, the gamblers experiences suggest that eventually this misfortune should pass. However, it is also the gamblers prerogative to opt out of the game if he does not like the odds, and Croakers estimates their odds of surviving as one in a hundred. His suicide note, declaring that he struck a streak of bad luck and handed in his c hecks, attests to his inability to resist despair when the odds on their fate seem stacked against him. Heroism To many readers, an important message of the story is that society often fails to recognize the true heroes and heroines in its midst. One can certainly argue this is the case with the sacrifice of Mother Spittoon as well as the selfless devotion of Duchess. In both cases, women condemned by society prove themselves to be morally superior to their Judges. The suicide of Croakers provides further comment on the nature of heroism. Throughout the story, he appears to be the leader of the party and the individual most likely to devise their escape, but ultimately he gives up the struggle and fails to save either the group or himself. Style The setting of The Outcasts of Poker Flat is of major importance. The story occurs in November, 1850, during the heyday of the California Gold Rush. At that time, law and order on the mining frontier was often synonymous with vigilante Justice, in which townspeople took matters into their own hands. Communities such as Poker Flat generally operated outside the reach of established Judicial systems, and the type of vigilante activity Heart depicts was an accepted part of everyday life. The story is set in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains, a remote area in eastern California where the sudden occurrence of a winter storm could easily result in death for travelers. The most famous example of such a misfortune is the ill-fated Donned Party of 1846, in which twelve travelers starved to death and the remaining members resorted to cannibalism. This tragedy was highly publicized for years afterwards and was undoubtedly familiar to the original readers of this story. In an era before automobiles, or extensive railways, the fear of being stranded while traveling was real and vivid. Genre Genre is the term used to denote a category of literature. The Outcasts of Poker Flat is above all, a Western story. Other types of genre literature are science fiction, horror, and romance. Genre works can be identified by their conventions; some of the conventions AT westerns are Tanat teen take place on ten Trotter, teen contact g guys and bad guys, female characters are either virtuous or fallen, and conflicts that result in showdowns or gunfights often end in death. All of these elements are prominent in Hearts story; one might say that the showdown is the battle between the travelers and Mother Nature. Comic Relief Although Hearts story is essentially a tragedy, the narrative contains moments of humor. Rather than the story containing a humorous character per SE, the story pity arises from the narrators understatement and sometimes condescending tone towards the characters. As an example, the narrator comments that notwithstanding some difficulties attending the manipulation of this instrument, Piney Woods managed to pluck several reluctant melodies from its keys. Elsewhere, the narrator evaluates Toms recitation skills by stating he had thoroughly mastered the argument and fairly forgotten the words. Critics often cited Hearts ability to balance the tragic and the comic as one of his strongest skills as a writer. Historical Context Gold Fever and the Manifest Destiny During the late sass, Hearts tales of the California Gold Rush elevated him to a position of national fame. For the remainder of his career, he utilized the West as the setting for his stories and the inspiration for his lectures on life in the gold mines. Americans throughout the country were fascinated by the expansion of the country and tales of the wild West became part of the national consciousness. At the time of their publication, Hearts stories were primarily an idealized vision of an era that had recently passed. By the sass, the West was becoming more and more settled, and he vigilante Justice of the frontier days was fast fading. While the settlement of the West remained an important topic for books and magazines, it is important to note that The Outcasts of Poker Flat appeared less than four years after the end of the Civil War. For a nation exhausted by war, Hearts story of heroics and tolerance recalled a happier period of innocence and opportunity. It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of the Gold Rush as a historical event; within two years, the sparsely settled territory of California had become the fastest growing state in the union. As spring miners arrived from Europe, Asia, South America, and virtually every American state, the population of San Francisco leaped from approximately 800 people in 1848 to over 40,000 in 1850. Although the frenzy for prospecting subsided by the late sass, California was left with an infrastructure for industry, transportation, and agriculture that would have taken decades to develop under normal circumstances. For Americans of the day, the rapid settlement of California validated the doctrine of Manifest Destiny: the belief that it was Gods will for the nation to expand across the continent. However, romanticizes depictions of the Gold Rush often overlook the unhappy outcome of the event for many prospectors. Relatively few of the errs managed to accumulate genuine wealth. Although most prospectors were successful in locating gold, the high cost of living in California prevented miners from pocketing much of their newfound riches. An additional consequence of the Gold Rush was the near-destruction of Californians Native American population. The area contained dozens of autonomous Indian tribes, most of which resided in the regions which were the primary centers for mining activity. As a result, these cultures were the victims of both disease and military attacks and ere nearing extinction Day ten B/Us country Longs Tort a More Simple Lime Hearts fiction was not only a depiction of the past, but it was also a reaction to contemporary events. The American Civil War had halted westward migration from 1861 to 1865. Once the hostilities had ended, though, the nation was anxious to resume its expansion. Although the Pacific shore had been transformed into a center for industry and commerce, the vast area of the Great Plains remained largely unsettled by whites. Like 1849, the late sass was an era of movement into new lands. Even though the post-bellum years were perceived to be a time of imminent opportunity, much of the nation was suffering from the effects of the war. The South was in ruins and resentful of the policies of Reconstruction. The country as a whole experienced a series of financial depressions as the economy readjusted to peacetime conditions. Ulysses S. Grants 1868 election to the presidency marked the beginning of an era of widespread and highly publicized governmental corruption. Therefore it is not surprising that Hearts vision of a Western society populated with shrewd but valorous individuals such as John Croakers would resonate with readers of the day. Anxious to overlook their own shortcomings and to escape the troubles of the present, audiences looked to authors such as Heart to evoke a noble past to which they could hope to return in the future. Compare Contrast sass: The United States embraces the concept of Manifest Destiny, a phrase coined in an article in the July-August, 1845, issue of United States Magazine and Democratic Review. The phrase imparts the view that it is Gods will that the young nation expand across the continent. In the resulting expansion, settlers race west to California in search of gold in 1849. 97: Although no longer claiming that expansionism is Gods will, the United States continues to explore new frontiers. U. S. Astronauts work side-by-side with their Russian counterparts aboard the Russian space station Mir in an effort to investigate the prospects of long-term cooperation in sass: American society at large perceives gambling at cards and other space. Games of chance, in which money changes hands, as the domain of drifters, con-men, and prostitutes. 1997: Casino gambling is no longer confined to Alas Vegas or Atlantic City, having come to be seen as a route to financial reinvigoration in large American cities. Candidates for municipal office often stake their political prospects on their success in bringing casino gaming to town, while political figures who oppose casinos are publicly vilified as out-of-touch prigs and Puritans. Critical Overview When The Outcasts of Poker Flat first appeared in the January, 1869, issue of the Overland Monthly, the story was an immediate critical and popular success. Critics such as Emily S. Forman, writing for Old and New, praised Hearts use of novel vernacular and Movie portraiture to thrill the very depths of the heart and soul.